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Philosophy, Religion and Culture in Medieval China

Philosophy The Late Han period and after Confucianism Confucianism had been the official ideology of the Han dynasty, and it retained this status in all the Chinese states which succeeded the Han. It remained the focus of the officials’ educational curriculum and continued to shape the outlook of the elite. However, in the troubles which […]

The Gandhara Culture of Ancient India

The Gandhara culture of northern India was a fascinating episode in world history. Here was a location in space and time where two civilizations met: Ancient Greek and Ancient Indian. The result was a rich fusion of elements, which went on the have an impact right across Asia. Contents Introduction Historical overview Government and Administration […]

The Sui Dynasty of China

The reunification of China After the fall of the Han empire, the first great empire in Chinese history (202 BCE to 220 CE), China had experienced more than 350 years of disunity. In northern China, these centuries had been characterized by barbarian invasions and other upheavals, followed by the establishment of various kingdoms ruled by […]

Korean Civilization

Traditional Korean civilization owed a huge debt to the civilization of its giant neighbor, China. This is unsurprising, given that the cradles of urban, literate civilization in East Asia lay in the great river valleys of China. Also, lying further west than Korea, influences from western Eurasia (metallurgy, the chariot, Buddhism) tended to come to Korea […]

India: the Medieval Era

Medieval India saw the high point of Hindu civilization in the Indian sub-continent, followed by a succession of Muslim conquests.

Tang Dynasty China

Historical outline of the Tang dynasty The Foundation of the Tang dynasty China had been reunited by the Sui dynasty in 589 CE,  after centuries of division. However, the second emperor of the Sui dynasty, emperor Yang, seems to have been a megalomaniac. His grandiose schemes caused misery for millions of peasants forced to labor […]

The Long Period of Division in Chinese history

Period of division and invasion in China, 220 to 589 CE In the later 2nd century CE, the Han empire began to experience decline. The government increasingly served the interests of the great landowners, and for the majority of the population standards of government fell. Complex and costly operations which had to be undertaken on […]